JLPT N5 - Lesson 15 - Grammar - Verb: Part 03

Verb: Dictionary Form - ~Masu Form - ~Ta Form

In this lesson I will discuss about 9 more verbs in present plain form, present polite form, past plain form and past polite form. This lesson is the continuation of the last lesson on verbs.

Dictionary Form

Plain form is the basic forms of Japanese verb also often referred to as 'dictionary form' or 'root form'. Plain form of verb usually take place in casual situations or in casual conversations.

  • はなす [hanasu] = to speak; Example: バングラデシュではベンガルごをはなす。= (I) speak Bengali in Bangladesh. (when I am talking to my friend)
  • ならう [narau] = to learn; Example: かのじょはにほんごをならうためににほんへいった。= She went to Japan to learn Japanese.
  • かう [kau] = to buy; Example: いつあたらしいえをかう？ = When (will you) buy new house?
  • うる [uru] = to sell; Example: あぶらをうる。= idle one's time away *Idiom
  • わかる [wakaru] = to understand; Example: このことばをわかる？= Do (you) understand this word?
  • おわる [owaru] = to end; Example: じゅぎょうはもうそろそろおわる。= The lesson will be over soon.
  • あそぶ [asobu] = to play; Example: こどもたちはおもちゃであそぶ。 = Children play with toys.
  • あるく [aruku] = to walk; Example: かれはいつもゆっくりあるく。= He always walks slowly.
  • あう [au] = to meet; Example: もうすぐともだちとあう。= (I will) meet with my friend soon.

New Word: ためtame, いつ, あたらしい, いえ, あぶら,じゅぎょう,もう,そろそろ,こどもたち,おもちゃ,いつも,ゆっくり,もうすぐ,ともだち

ます (masu) or polite form of verb

Following are the verbs in masu form:

  • はなします [hanashimasu]; Example: バングラデシュではベンガルごをはなします。= (I) speak Bengali in Bangladesh. (when I am talking to my teacher)
  • ならいます [naraimasu]; Example: かのじょはにほんごをならいます。 = She will learn Japanese.
  • かいます [kaimasu]; Example: いつあたらしいえをかいますか？ = When (will you) buy new house?
  • うります [urimasu]; Example: わたしのいえをうります。= I will sell my house.
  • わかります [wakarimasu]; Example: このことばをわかりますか？ = Do (you) understand this word?
  • おわります [owarimasu]; Example: じゅぎょうはもうそろそろおわります。= The lesson will be over soon.
  • あそびます [asobimasu] ; Example: こどもたちはおもちゃであそびます。 = Children play with toys.
  • あるきます [arukimasu]; Example: かれはいつもゆっくりあるきます。= He always walks slowly.
  • あいます [aimasu]; Example: もうすぐともだちとあいます。= (I will) meet with my friend soon.

Past た (ta) form

Let's make some sentences in past form:

  • はなした [hanashita]; Example: にほんごをはなした。= (I) spoke Japanese.
  • ならった [naratta]; Example: かのじょはにほんごをならった。 = She learned Japanese.
  • かった [katta]; Example: いつあたらしいえをかった？ = When did you buy new house?
  • うった [utta]; Example: わたしのいえをうった。= I sold my house.
  • わかった [wakatta]; Example: もうわかった。= (I) understood already.
  • おわった [owatta]; Example: じゅぎょうはもうおわった。= The lesson is over already.
  • あそんだ [asonda]; Example: こどもたちはおもちゃであそんだ。 = Children played with toys.
  • あるいた [aruita]; Example: かれはゆっくりあるいた。= He walked slowly.
  • あった [atta]; Example: きのうともだちとあった。= Yesterday (I) met my friend.

Past Polite Form - ~ました

The polite form of verb 'ます' will become ました to indicate an action was completed in the past.
  • はなしました [hanashimashita]; Example: にほんごをはなしました。= (I) spoke Japanese.
  • ならいました [naraimashita]; Example: かのじょはにほんごをならいました。 = She learned Japanese.
  • かいました [kaimashita]; Example: いつあたらしいえをかいましたか？ = When did you buy new house?
  • うりました [urimashita]; Example:わたしのいえをうりました。= I sold my house.
  • わかりました [wakarimashita]; Example: もうわかりました。= (I) understood already.
  • おわりました [owarimashita]; Example: じゅぎょうはもうおわりました。= The lesson is over already.
  • あそびました [asobimashita]; Example: こどもたちはおもちゃであそびました。 = Children played with toys.
  • あるきました [arukimashita]; Example: かれはゆっくりあるきました。= He walked slowly.
  • あいました [aimashita]; Example: きのうともだちとあいました。= Yesterday (I) met my friend.

In previous lesson on verb we learned 9 verbs and today we have learnt another 9 verbs in plain present form, present polite form, plain past form and past polite form

Today's lesson is up to here. Gradually we will move to more complex grammar structures.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular Posts

JLPT N5 - Verb List

Image
Verbs necessary to pass JLPT N5 The following is a list of 109 verbs which you need to know in order to make yourself confident to pass the JLPT level N5. Here, the dictionary form (plain form) and Masu form (polite form) of the verbs are listed with English meaning, hope this will work as your reference material. Note: Need to pay proper attention how the forms changed when you need to make it a [ます] form of verb. For example: おきる = to get up and おく = to put, to keep; but when written in hiragana, [ます] form of おきる is おきます and masu form of おく is also おきます. Let's see more verbs how they change from dictionary form to polite form: おきる → おきます; DROP [る] from [おきる] to make it [ます] form; おく → おきます; CHANGE [く] to [き] to make it [ます] form; たべる → たべます; DROP [る] from [たべる] and add ます. いく → いきます; CHANGE [く] to [き] and add ます. あそぶ → あそびます; CHANGE [ぶ] to [び] and add ます. のむ → のみます; CHANGE [む] to [み] ます. くる → きます; CHANGE [く] to [き] and DROP [る] and add ます. する → します; CHANGE [る] to [し]
Read more

JLPT N5 - Lesson 3 - Hiragana Part 1

Image
Hiragana Keyboard The first step of your Japanese learning journey is to learn the Hiragana and Katakana characters. The Japanese writing system has 3 components which are Hiragana - 46 basic characters to write the native words. Katakana - 46 Katakana characters for writing foreign words. Kanji - Kanji are actually Chinese characters used in modern Japanese writing system used as stem of a word convey meaning of the word as well as sound. Please note that all these are characters and not alphabets. In this lesson I will introduce Hiragana and in next two lessons I will introduce Katakana and Kanji. Once you master Hiragana, Katakana will become easier to learn. Hiragana -  Each Hiragana character represents a particular syllable. First five hiragana characters 'a' 'i' 'u' 'e' 'o' represents vowel sound and only one character n represents consonant sound, remaining all characters represents a consonant-vowel sound. Here is the basic
Read more

JLPT N5 Lesson 19: Counting and Counter Words

Image
Counting in Japanese In the above picture, it is shown how to count from 1 to 20 in Japanese. Now we will see how to count upto 10000 easily by following some pattern. 1st pattern is, ten (10) is じゅう (juu), twenty(20) is にじゅう (ni-juu), thirty(30) is さんじゅう (san-juu) and so on up to ninety (90). And the 2nd pattern is, for example, ten (10) is じゅう (juu), eleven (11) is じゅういち (juu-ichi), twelve (12) is じゅうに (juu-ni). Using the same pattern with Twenty which is にじゅう (ni-juu), we can make twenty one = にじゅういち (ni-juu-ichi), twenty two = にじゅうに (ni-juu-ni), twenty three = にじゅうさん (ni-juu-san) and so on. Now let us count 100 and above. 100 = 百 [ひゃく] 200 = 二百 [にひゃく] 300 = 三百 [さんびゃく] 400 = 四百 [よんひゃく] 500 = 五百 [ごひゃく] 600 = 六百 [ろっぴゃく] 700 = 七百 [ななひゃく] 800 = 八百 [はっぴゃく] 900 = 九百 [きゅうひゃく] 1000 = 千 [せん] 2000 = 二千 [にせん] 3000 = 三千 [さんぜん] 4000 = 四千 [よんせん] 5000 = 五千 [ごせん] 6000 = 六千 [ろくせん] 7000 = 七千 [ななせん] 8000 = 八千 [はっせん] 9000 = 九千 [きゅうせん] 10000 = 一万 [いちまん] Now let us count some
Read more

JLPT N5 - Lesson 4 - Hiragana Part 2 - Dakuon and Handakuon

Image
Dakuon ( '' ) or dakuten are two small strokes placed on top-left corner of certain hiragana/katakana that changed the sound of those basic kana. It is the voiced sound of か [ka],さ [sa], た [ta] and は [ha]-row syllables. The 'K' sound will be 'G' sound with dakuten, for example, か (Ka) will become が (Ga). The 'S' sound will be 'Z' sound with dakuten, for example, さ (Sa) will become ざ (Za). The 'T' sound will be 'D' sound with dakuten, for example, た (Ta) will become だ (Da). The 'H' sound will be 'B' sound with dakuten, for example, は (Ha) will become ば (Ba). Handakuon (。) or handakuten is a small circle placed over は [ha]- row syllables and modify the consonant pronunciation from H sounds to P sounds. All the Dakuon and Handakuon characters are listed in the above picture. Now let us make some words with the Hiragana characters that we have learnt already だけ [dake] - Only ごご [gogo] - Afternoon どこ [dok
Read more

JLPT N5 - Lesson 1 - Why Japanese Language

Image
Japan - the Land of the Rising Sun -  is one of the most advanced nations both economically and  technologically. Besides that, it has a vibrant culture, a rich history and the urge to be 'the number one' -"Dai Ichi" in everything. All of these features may attract you to know more about Japan and may appeal to you to learn Japanese Language as well. Moreover you need to know Japanese Language - to work or study in Japan. Japanese is the 2nd most popular language after English and many Universities around the world offers Japanese Language and Literature. JLPT  - The Japan Foundation and Japan Educational Exchanges and Services are two authorities that administer and conduct tests on Japanese Language Proficiency and issue official certificates for the specific level a student sits for. The tests are held world wide twice a year for non-native Japanese speakers. There are 5 levels - ranging from basic level (N5) to very advanced level (N1).  Additional b
Read more

JLPT N5 - Lesson 5 - Katakana Part 1

Image
Katakana - actually there are no difference in sound in both sets of characters only the looks are different - hiragana is curvy but katakana is more straight compare to hiragana and few characters looks very similar for example He - へ ヘ and Ri - りリ . Another difference is that hiragana is used as okurigana - prefixes for kanji but katakana character's usage is limited to writing foreign/loan words mostly. # Other than words of foreign origin, to write any foreign person name or place name or any object name Katakana is used. # For writing repeating word or onomatopoeia also Katakana is used for example ワンワン [wanwan] - dogs barking sound. # Sometimes to emphasis a particular word in a sentence also written in Katakana, such as それはダメです。 46 Basic katakana characters are shown in the below picture: Now let's practice some words in Katakana. After any consonant vowel, if another pure vowel is used then it become long vowel. For long vowel ー this sign (a long dash sign)
Read more

JLPT N5 Resources - Vocabulary List 01

Image
JLPT N5 - Resources - Vocabulary List - 01 Words Starting With あ い う え お As of 2010, the JLPT no longer publishes an official vocabulary list. I have collected all the data from various sources, mostly past exam books and general idea, so please note this list is not very particular and there are chances words may appear out of this list. Furigana Kanji Meaning 1 あう 会う to meet 2 あお 青 blue 3 あおい 青い blue 4 あか 赤 red 5 あかい 赤い red 6 あかるい 明い bright 7 あき 秋 autumn 8 あく 明く開く空く to open, be open閉じていたものがひらく。 9 あける 開ける to open 10 あげる 上げる to give 11 あさ 朝 morning 12 あさごはん 朝御飯 breakfast 13 あさって あさって day after tomorrow 14 あし 足 foot, leg 15 あした 明日 tomorrow 16 あそこ あそこ over there 17 あそぶ 遊ぶ to play, to make a visit 18 あたたかい 暖かい warm 19 あたま 頭 head 20 あたらしい 新しい new 21 あちら あちら there 22 あつい 暑い hot 23 熱い あつい hot to the touch 24 あつい 厚い kind, deep, thick
Read more

JLPT N5 Lesson 20: Asking Questions

Image
How to ask a question This lesson aimed at helping elimentary level students learn how to ask questions. Here we will learn how to form an interrogative sentence in Japanese. We will also learn about the question words those are necessary to ask a question. Note: In the above illustration, the verb 'にげる (run away)' has been used in one of the sentence, but this verb may not be tested in JLPT N5 level. Question Marker In Japanese, the particle 'か' is used as the equivalent of English question mark (?) . Just by placing the particle か at the end of a simple affirmative or negative sentence we can make it an interrogative sentence and the structure of the sentence will not be affected in any other parts of the sentence. Whereas in English we know the sentence structure needs to be changed to agree with numbers (singular/plural) and to agree with the tense of the verbs when we transform a simple sentence to an interrogative sentence. In that sense Japanese is ea
Read more

JLPT N5 - Lesson 9 - Japanese Particles Inrtroduction

Image
About Japanese particles: In this lesson we will know about Japanese particles. As we know particle means small element, here Japanese particles are small words that helps to create sentences indicating the relations of words within a sentence. To identify topic, subject or object or to specify direction or possession or many other reason these particles follow other parts of speech such as nouns, verbs, adjectives of a sentence and make the sentence complete and meaningful. Some particles may be compared to prepositions some may be compared to conjunctions in English or some have other kind of usage. There are 188 particles in Japanese language but we will learn only those which are necessary to attempt JLPT exam. Here we introduce some most common particles and as the lesson will progress we will introduce more and more particles. Special attention need for how these three particles are written and pronounced: は (written ha, pronounced wa as a particle), へ (written he, pron
Read more

JLPT N5 - Lesson 8 - Japanese Everyday Greetings

Image
あいさつ [Aisatsu] is the word for greetings in Japanese. In Japanese society, greetings play an important role in everyday life. Today we learn some common greetings. おはよう ございます おはよう ございます [ohayou gozaimasu] - Good Morning!　is a formal greetings used in Japanese every day life. In the morning hour meeting with people you may greet him or her by saying おはよう ございます, in reply the other party also greet you as saying the same word. When the relation between the both parties are very casual then they may greet each other by just saying おはよう. In kanji it is お早う。 こんにちは Once you have the feelings the morning is already over you may greet people with こんにちは [konnichiwa] which means 'Good Day!' or 'Good Afternoon' or you may use it just as like 'Hello!'. If someone greet you first with こんにちは in reply you also need to say the same thing 'こんにちは'. Note in writing you need to use は [ha] character instead of わ [wa] character. こんにちは is written in kanji as 今日は。(今[kon]+日[
Read more
Flag Counter